Adverbial
clause
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encyclopedia
An adverbial
clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or
implied) and apredicate, and it modifies a verb.
§ I saw Joe when I went to the store. (explicit subject I)
§ He sat quietly in order to appear polite. (implied subject he)
According
to Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function mainly
as adjuncts or disjuncts.
In these functions they are like adverbial phrases, but due to their
potentiality for greater explicitness, they are more often like prepositional phrases (Greenbaum andQuirk,1990):
§ We left after the speeches ended. (adverbial clause)
§ We left after the end of the speeches. (adverbial prepositional phrase)
§ I like to fly kites for fun.
Adverbial
clauses modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. For example:
§ Hardly had I reached the station when the train started to
leave the platform.
The
adverbial clause in this sentence is "when the train started to leave the
platform" because it is a subordinate clause and because it has the trigger word (subordinate
conjunction) "when".
Contents
|
kind of clause
|
common conjunctions
|
function
|
example
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time clauses
|
when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as,
until,till, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "when?");
hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc.
|
These clauses are used to say when something happens by
referring to a period of time or to another event.
|
Her goldfish died when she was young.
|
conditional clauses
|
if, unless, lest
|
These clauses are used to talk about a possible or
counterfactual situation and its consequences.
|
If they lose weight during an illness,
they soon regain it afterwards.
|
purpose clauses
|
in order to, so that, in order that
|
These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an
action.
|
They had to take some of his land so that they
could extend the churchyard.
|
reason clauses
|
because, since, as, given
|
These clauses are used to indicate the reason for
something.
|
I couldn't feel anger against himbecause I liked him
too much.
|
result clauses
|
so...that
|
These clauses are used to indicate the result of
something.
|
My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey homethat
the lid would not stay closed.
|
concessive clauses
|
although, though, while
|
These clauses are used to make two statements, one of
which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
|
I used to read a lot although I don't get much
time for books now.
|
place clauses
|
where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. (conjunctions
that answer the question "where?")
|
These clauses are used to talk about the location or
position of something.
|
He said he was happy where he was.
|
clauses of manner
|
as, like, the way
|
These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour
or the way something is done.
|
I was never allowed to do thingsas I wanted to do them.
|
§ Greenbaum, Sidney & Quirk, Randolph. A Student's
Grammar of the English Language. Hong Kong: Longman Group (FE) Ltd, 1990.
§ Sinclair, John (editor-in-chief). Collins Cobuild English
Grammar. London and Glasgow: William Collins Sons & Co ltd, 1990.
Adverb Clause
PENGANTAR
Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi
sebagai Adverb, yaknimenerangkan kata kerja.Adverbial Clause biasanya
diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction(kata
penghubung yang mendahuluinya).Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:
1. Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan
conjunction(kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as,
dll.Contoh:Shut the door before you go out.You may begin
when(ever) you are ready.While he was walking home, he saw an
accident.By the time I arrive, Alex will have left. No sooner had she
entered than he gave an order.
2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan
conjunctionseperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.Contoh:They sat down
wherever they could find empty seatsThe guard stood where he was
positioned.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is
poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.Go where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian
atau peristiwa yangsaling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan
conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though,
whereas, even if, in spite of, as thetime, dll.Contoh:As the time you were
sleeping, we were working hard.Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go
on.Although it is late, we’ll stay a little longer.He is very friendly,
even if he is a clever student.
Adverb Clause
PENGANTAR
Adverbial Clause adalah Clause
(anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yaknimenerangkan kata
kerja.Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan
"arti/maksud" dari Conjunction(kata penghubung yang
mendahuluinya).Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:
1. Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat
dengan menggunakan conjunction(kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no
sooner, while, as, dll.Contoh:Shut the door before you go out.You
may begin when(ever) you are ready.While he was walking home, he
saw an accident.By the time I arrive, Alex will have left. No sooner had
she entered than he gave an order.
2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat
dengan menggunakan conjunctionseperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever,
dll.Contoh:They sat down wherever they could find empty seatsThe guard stood
where he was positioned.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where
there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.Go where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan
adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yangsaling berhubungan.
Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti
although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as thetime,
dll.Contoh:As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.Mary wanted to
stop, whereas I wanted to go on.Although it is late, we’ll stay a little
longer.He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu
pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwaterjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan
conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as,how, like, in that, dll.Contoh:He did
as I told him.You may finish it how you like.They may beat us again, like
they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan
dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat denganmenggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order)
that, so that, in the hope that, to the endthat, lest, in case, dll.Contoh:They
went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.She bought a
book so (that) she could learn EnglishHe is saving his money so that he may
take a long vacation.I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this
book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause yang menunjukkan
hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini.
Perhatikan baik-baik.Contoh:Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed
record.It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.The soup tastes
so good that everyone will ask for more.The student had behaved so badly
that he was dismissed from the class.Contoh:The Smiths had so many
children that they formed their own baseball team.I had so few job offers
that it wasn't difficult to select one.Contoh:He has invested so
much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.The grass
received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.Contoh:It was
such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was
so hot a day that wedecided to stay indoors.It was such
an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was
so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.