Jumat, 27 April 2012

TUGAS SOFT SKILL NOUN CLAUSES


Noun Clause




Look at the
 following sentences. 

• He
 expected to get a prize. 
• He
 expected that he would get a prize. 

In the first sentence the group of words ‘to get a prize’ does not have a
subject and a predicate. 

This group of word does the work of a noun.
 

Whereas in the second sentence, the group of words ‘that he would get a prize’ has both a subject and a predicate.
 

Here this group of words does the work of a noun. This is a clause. 

This clause is the object of the verb EXPECT and so does the work of a noun.
 

Since this group of words does the works of both a noun and a clause, it is called
 NOUN-CLAUSE. 

Definition:
 

A Noun-Clause is a group of words which contains a Subject and a Predicate of its own and does the work of a noun.
 

Examples: 

• I often wonder
 how you are getting on with him. 

• He feared that
 he would fail. 

• They replied
 that they would come to this town. 

• Do you know
 who stole the watch? 

I thought that it would be fine day. 

• No one knows
 who he is. 

• I did not know
 what he would do next. 

• How
 the budget got in is a mystery. 

• Pay careful attention to
 what I am going to say. 

• I do not understand
 how all it happened. 

The Noun-Clauses can be replaced with
 suitable Nouns or with suitable Noun-Phrases. 

• No one knows
 when he will come. (Noun-Clauses) 
• No one knows
 the time of his coming. (Noun-Phrases) 

I heard that he had succeeded. (Noun-Clauses) 
• I heard
 of his success. (Noun-Phrases) 

• We will
 never know why he failed. (Noun-Clauses) 
• We
 will never know the reason for his failure. (Noun-Phrases) 

The law
 will punish whosoever is guilty. (Noun-Clause) 
• The
 law will punish the guilty. (Noun) 

• The police want
 to know where he is living. (Noun-Clauses) 
• The police want
 to know his residence. (Noun) 

Noun Clauses


Introduction

A clause is a group of words that contain a subject and a verb.  Clauses can take the place of different parts of speech.
For instance, you are probably familiar with adjective clauses.
The man, who looked sleepy, sat down.
Who looked sleepy is an adjective clause.  It is taking the place of  an adjective.  An adjective is used to describe nouns and so do adjective clauses.
We could re-write the sentence with an adjective.
The sleepy man sat down.
Similarly, a noun clause can take the place of a noun.  This lesson will explain noun clauses, give examples of noun clauses, and then provide several quizzes to practice forming noun clauses. 
 


Noun Clauses - Explanations & Examples

There are three basic types of noun clauses.  These types are 1) noun clauses that start with a question word (where, how, who, when, why), 2) noun clauses that start with whether or if, and 3) noun clauses that start with that. 
 

1. Noun Clauses that Start with a Question

Noun clauses that start with a question are usually used to answer a question.  The following examples should better explain this. 
  
 
  • Where does Sarik live?

I don't know where Sarik lives. 
"where Sarik lives" is a noun clause.  We could answer this question without a noun clause by saying the following. 
I don't know Sarik's address.  The noun phrase, Sarik's address, replaces with the noun clause, where Sarik lives. 
  
  
 
  • What time is it?

I don't know what time it is. 
"what time it is" is a noun clause.  We could answer this question without a noun clause by saying the following. 
I don't know the time.  In this case, the noun phrase, the time, replaces the noun clause, what time it is. 
 

2.  Noun Clauses that Start with Whether or If

Noun clauses that start with whether or if are used to answer yes/no type questions.  Whether and if are usually interchangeable.  The following examples should better explain this. 
 
  • Does Judy own a Honda?

I don't know if Judy owns a Honda. 
"if Judy owns a Honda" is a noun clause.  We could answer this question without a noun clause by saying the following. 
I don't know the answer.  In this case, the noun phrase, the answer, replaces the noun clause, if Judy owns a Honda. 
  
 
  • Will Sadine be at work on Friday?

I don't know whether Sadine will be at work on Friday. 
"whether Sadine will be at work on Friday" is a noun clause.  We could answer this question without a noun clause by saying the following. 
I don't know the answer.  In this case, the noun phrase, the answer, replaces the noun clause, whether Sadine will be at work on Friday.

3.  Noun Clauses that Start with That.

Noun clauses that start with that are used to answer questions in which person who is answering is thinking, giving an opinion, or using a mental activity verb.  The following examples should better explain this.
  • Is Dr. Elimelech a good instructor?

I think that Dr. Elimelech is a good instructor. 
"that Dr. Elimelech is a good instructor" is a noun clause.  This noun clause could be omitted by saying the following. 
I think so. 
  
 
  • Do you know the location of an ATM?

I believe that there is an ATM in the supermarket. 
"that there is an ATM in the supermarket" is a noun clause.
Most of the time, native speakers will drop the word that.  It is perfectably acceptable to say the following.
I think that Dr. Elimelech is a good instructor. 
OR  I think Dr. Elimelech is a good instructor.
I believe that there is an ATM in the supermarket. 
OR  I believe there is an ATM in the supermarket.
Sumber :
sl.lbcc.cc.ca.us/eesllessons/nounclauses/nounclause.htme

Rabu, 04 April 2012

TUGAS SOFT SKILL B. INGGRIS CONDITIONAL SENTENCE


Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without
 if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.

Conditional Sentence Type 1

→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
 From :   if + Simple Present, will-Future
Example: If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Example: I will send her an invitation if I find her address.


Conditional Sentence Type 2

→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
   From:      if + Simple Past, main clause with Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Example: I would send her an invitation if I found her address.

Conditional Sentence Type 3

→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form

if + Past Perfect, main clause with Conditional II
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Example: I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address.